The patient was admitted 3 days after arriving in the UK from Nigeria. He had felt unwell with a fever and generalise aches and pains the day before he travelled. On the morning of admission he had noticed a rash on his left leg as well as tender enlarged lymph nodes in his groin.
 
The admitting Consultant Physician spoke to infection control before the patient arrived and it was decided to admit the patient directly to a negative pressure side-room in the infectious diseases unit without bringing the patient into the main hospital in case this might be a viral haemorrhagic fever. The patient met a diagnosis of low possibility of viral haemorrhagic fever; temperature ≥ 37.5 oC PLUS been in endemic area within 21 days of onset of illness.

Between 2000 and 2003 a large outbreak of Clostridium difficile occurred in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. There are differing reports as to the extent of the outbreak, but some estimate that in 8 hospitals there were 7,000 cases and 600 deaths in 2003. This is at least a 5 fold higher incidence and mortality than considered “normal” by the Canadian public health officials. The strain of bacterium was identified as the now notorious O27 strain, but it was soon realised that this “outbreak” was in fact going on all over the World, not just in Quebec. Apparently Clostridium difficile means the “obstinate spindle” bacterium… and I think all Microbiologists would agree with the term, though some of us might be less polite in our language!

Okay, so I’m not one to watch much TV but I happened to have it on the other night and saw the program “Watchdog”. For our friends outside of the UK who may not know this program it’s a consumer rights program where companies are held to account by the media for their poor customer service or down-right dodgy dealing. Even a threat of writing to Watchdog has been known to solve many consumer issues.

The thing that caught my attention this week was an item called the “Swab Mob”. In this section members of the public are encouraged to write in suggesting places where the show could look for bacteria in order to see if there was a risk to public health. This week the area people wanted to swab was supermarket shopping trolleys and baskets.
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Off went the presenters to different supermarkets and there were lots of shots of people rubbing bacteriology swabs on different types of shopping baskets and trolleys; many of the baskets were propped up on the floor. The swabs were sent to a laboratory which cultured bacteria; armed with the results the show then tried to get an authoritative representative to agree that bacteria on shopping baskets was a national scandal.

It’s that time of year again, in UK hospitals healthcare staff are walking the wards with a slightly sore left arm sucking on a boiled sweet lollipop… yep, it’s flu vaccine season!
 
Every year the NHS tries to vaccinate as many of the frontline healthcare staff as possible in order to prevent outbreaks of influenza in our hospitals. In addition GPs are busy coaxing as many of the over 65 year olds as possible to get vaccinated before “flu season” starts. This is in addition to the routine flu vaccination of 2-3 year old children in reception classes and Years 1-4 at school (age 4-8 years).

Having recently just returned from a holiday where the main focus was relaxation and yoga I then saw this story about how filthy is your yoga mat on the Internet… crikey!

So the BBC news story is about what you can potentially catch from dirty gym equipment and gym mats due to the unhygienic practices of some gym members. And I have to agree, some people are particularly revolting in that they sweat and drip all over equipment then just wander off leaving someone else to either clean up after them or lie in the wet patches!
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This got me thinking, what can you catch from a yoga mat? What it comes down to is almost any bacteria, virus, fungi or parasite which can be part of the human microbial flora is potentially transferable between people, if the microorganism can survive on the surface acting as the vector e.g. the mat or equipment. These transferred microorganisms colonise the equipment and then “hop onto” and colonise the next person to use that equipment. Actually…do I really want to know all of this as I’m about to go to the gym?!

Gosh what a controversy (Public Health England) PHE and the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) have got themselves into over the outbreak of Norovirus at the London 2017 World Athletic Championships. The spokesperson from PHE, Dr Deborah Turbitt, said “PHE has been notified of a confirmed outbreak of Norovirus among people associated with the World Athletics Championships”.

​It is reported in the media that around 30 athletes and associated people, all staying at the Tower Hotel near Tower Bridge, have been taken ill over the last few days. Several nationalities are involved including Irish, German, Canadian, Puerto Rican and Botswanan. But it is the Botswanan 200m and 400m gold medal hopeful, Isaac Makwala, who has caused the most controversy, not helped by the videoed eviction at the stadium door which has been played over and over on TV and the subsequent live debate on BBC Sport.

​The patient this week dies from a terrifying virus but fortunately we were only playing a board game! NB we were not sponsored for this review but enjoyed the game so much we thought we’d best share it with you all…
 
Pandemic Legacy Season 1 is a complex, cooperative game which is rather expensive for the average board game, so is it worth it and how realistic is it for those who actually know about infection? Am I going to be disappointed as a Microbiologist?

Towards the end of June this year there was a higher than normal number of notifications of E. coli O157 to Public Health England (PHE) which on further investigation were shown to be predominantly a single strain of bacterium. Within a week PHE had declared a national outbreak. Genetic sequencing showed this strain of E. coli O157 was not related to the UK’s normal O157 strains but was similar to those found around the Mediterranean and therefore the conclusion was drawn that the outbreak strain had been imported into the UK.
 
As of last week there have been 160 cases in this outbreak, predominantly in three clusters in the South West, North West and South East of England. Sixty two cases have been admitted to hospital, 7 have developed haemolytic uraemic syndrome and 2 have died. There is an ongoing investigation to find the source of this bacterium which is thought to be mixed salad leaves supplied to the wholesale catering industry; the source has not yet been identified but the focus is on rocket (posh greens).

Anyone watching the news today can’t help but notice the current outbreak of
Ebola Viral Haemorrhagic Fever (VHF) in West Africa.

Healthcare professionals are particularly vulnerable as they assess and treat individuals. Could you spot Ebola and would you live to tell the tale?

Clostridium difficile Associated Disease (CDAD) is a bacterial infection caused by Clostridium difficile. In order to acquire it the person has to ingest it, but where they ingest it from is not yet known. The more places scientists look for it, the more they find it, including in retail foods, animals, plants and various water sources. Antibiotics predispose to infection by eliminating the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract and leaving an ecological niche for the C. difficile bacterium to exploit. The bacterium then produces a toxin which causes a colitis ranging from mild diarrhoea up to pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon and even death. 

The most commonly implicated antibiotics are known as the “4Cs” and include:
• Cephalosporins
• Ciprofloxacin (and the other quinolones)
• Clindamycin
• Co-amoxiclav